Pharmacogenetic analyses

A medication that helps one person may remain ineffective for another or, in the worst case, cause severe side effects. The field of pharmacogenetics examines genetic variants that influence response to medication. Determining a patient’s individual genotype enables personalized therapy recommendations.

Request Test

  • Sample material: EDTA whole blood
  • Testing method: Array-CGH
  • Turnaround time: from 2 weeks
  • Required documents:

Detailed information on sample submission can be found here.

INDICATION

  • Patients already taking a medication for which pharmacogenetic recommendations exist: A pharmacogenetic analysis can optimize therapy by helping to better adapt the medication to the patient’s genetic profile. This can reduce side effects and increase efficacy.

  • Patients expected to take such a medication: Analysis prior to prescription can ensure that the correct medication is administered at the optimal dosage to avoid adverse reactions and make treatment more efficient.

  • Patients who wish to be prepared preventively: A pharmacogenetic examination offers the opportunity to tailor future treatments to the patient’s genetic makeup in order to achieve optimal therapeutic results.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Analgesics

  • Celecoxib
  • Codeine
  • Flurbiprofen
  • Hydrocodone
  • Ibuprofen
  • Lornoxicam
  • Meloxicam
  • Piroxicam
  • Tenoxicam
  • Tramadol

Anesthetics

  • Desflurane
  • Enflurane
  • Halothane
  • Isoflurane
  • Methoxyflurane
  • Sevoflurane
  • Succinylcholine

Antiarrhythmics

  • Flecainide
  • Propafenone

Antidepressants

  • Amitriptyline
  • Citalopram
  • Clomipramine
  • Desipramine
  • Doxepin
  • Escitalopram
  • Fluvoxamine
  • Imipramine
  • Nortriptyline
  • Paroxetine
  • Sertraline
  • Venlafaxine
  • Vortioxetine
  • Trimipramine

Antiepileptics

  • Carbamazepine
  • Fosphenytoin
  • Lamotrigine
  • Oxcarbazepine
  • Phenytoin

Antihypertensives

  • Metoprolol

Anti-infectives

  • Abacavir
  • Dapsone
  • Efavirenz
  • Flucloxacillin
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Peginterferon alfa-2a
  • Primaquine
  • Ribavirin
  • Tafenoquine
  • Voriconazole

Anticoagulants

  • Acenocoumarol
  • Clopidogrel
  • Phenprocoumon
  • Warfarin

Antipsychotics

  • Aripiprazole
  • Brexpiprazole
  • Haloperidol
  • Pimozide
  • Quetiapine
  • Risperidone
  • Zuclopenthixol

Cholesterol-lowering drugs

  • Atorvastatin
  • Fluvastatin
  • Lovastatin
  • Pitavastatin
  • Pravastatin
  • Rosuvastatin
  • Simvastatin

Immunosuppressants

  • Azathioprine
  • Tacrolimus

Oncology drugs

  • Capecitabine
  • Cisplatin
  • Fluorouracil
  • Irinotecan
  • Mercaptopurine
  • Ondansetron
  • Tamoxifen
  • Tegafur
  • Thioguanine
  • Rasburicase

Other

  • Allopurinol
  • Atazanavir
  • Atomoxetine
  • Dexlansoprazole
  • Eliglustat
  • Flucytosine
  • Lansoprazole
  • Methylene blue
  • Omeprazole
  • Pantoprazole
  • Pegloticase
  • Siponimod
  • Toluidine blue
  • Tropisetron

All recommendations included in the results, as well as the selection of analyzed genetic variants, are based on their clinical relevance and scientific evidence. These are comprehensively defined and evaluated in the official guidelines of various consortia, such as the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG), the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), and the guidelines of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

EXAMINED GENES

Genetic variants in the following genes are analyzed to create individual pharmacogenetic recommendations. The selection of variants is based on official guidelines, their clinical relevance, and scientific evidence.

ABCB1, ABCG2, BCHE, CACNA1S, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP4F2, DPYD, F2, F5, G6PD, GRIK4, HLA-B, IFNL3, MTHFR, NUDT15, SLCO1B1, TPMT, UGT1A1, UGT2B15, VKORC1

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